Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Barcode Readers using the Camera Device in Mobile Phones
CW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Cyberworlds
Localization and Segmentation of A 2D High Capacity Color Barcode
WACV '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
Unsynchronized 4D barcodes: coding and decoding time-multiplexed 2D colorcodes
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
Challenge: mobile optical networks through visual MIMO
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
PixNet: interference-free wireless links using LCD-camera pairs
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Indoor broadcasting via white LEDs and OFDM
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Demo: a barcode streaming system for smartphones
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Smooth transmission over unsychronized VLC links
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on CoNEXT student workshop
LightSync: unsynchronized visual communication over screen-camera links
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking
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This paper presents COBRA - a visible light communication (VLC) system for off-the-shelf smartphones. COBRA encodes information into specially designed 2D color barcodes and streams them between screen and camera of smartphones. Due to the directionality and short range of visible light, COBRA can preserve user privacy and security in many near field communication scenarios such as opportunistic data exchange between smartphones. We develop a new 2D color barcode for COBRA that is optimized for streaming between small-size screen and low-speed camera of smartphones. COBRA adapts the size and layout of code blocks in streamed barcodes to deal with the significant image blur in mobile environments, and adopts new image processing techniques to achieve real-time barcode stream decoding. Our approach is evaluated through extensive experiments on Android smartphones.