SAKM: a scalable and adaptive key management approach for multicast communications
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Adaptive clustering for scalable key management in dynamic group communications
International Journal of Security and Networks
Offering data confidentiality for multimedia overlay multicast: Design and analysis
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Keeping group communications private: An up-to-date review on centralized secure multicast
CISIS'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational intelligence in security for information systems
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In order to offer backward and forward secrecy for multicast applications (i.e., a new member cannot decrypt the multicast data sent before its joining and a former member cannot decrypt the data sent after its leaving), the data encryption key has to be changed whenever a user joins or leaves the system. Such a change has to be made known to all the current users. The bandwidth used for such re-key messaging can be high when the user pool is large. We propose a distributed servers approach to minimize the overall system bandwidth (and complexity) by splitting the user pool into multiple groups each served by a (logical) server. After presenting an analytic model for the system based on a hierarchical key tree, we show that there is an optimal number of servers to achieve minimum system bandwidth. As the underlying user traffic fluctuates, we propose a simple dynamic scheme with low overhead where a physical server adaptively splits and merges its traffic into multiple groups each served by a logical server so as to minimize its total bandwidth. Our results show that a distributed servers approach is able to substantially reduce the total bandwidth required as compared with the traditional single-server approach, especially for those applications with a large user pool, short holding time, and relatively low bandwidth of a data stream, as in the Internet stock quote applications.