Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video
Signal Processing
Quantization Watermarking in the JPEG2000 Coding Pipeline
Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/TC11 International Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security Issues of the New Century
A comparative study of digital watermarking in JPEG and JPEG 2000 environments
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal
Assessing motion-coherency in video watermarking
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
Motion-compensated 3-D subband coding of video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Three-dimensional subband coding of video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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A novel watermarking framework for scalable coded video that improves the robustness against quality scalable compression is presented in this paper. Unlike the conventional spatial-domain (t + 2D) water-marking scheme where the motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is performed on the spatial frame-wise video data to decompose the video, the proposed framework applies the MCTF in the wavelet domain (2D + t) to generate the coefficients to embed the watermark. Robustness performances against scalable content adaptation, such as Motion JPEG 2000, MC-EZBC, or H.264-SVC, are reviewed for various combinations of motion compensated 2D+ t + 2D using the proposed framework. The MCTF is improved by modifying the update step to follow themotion trajectory in the hierarchical temporal decomposition by using directmotion vector fields in the update step and implied motion vectors in the prediction step. The results show smaller embedding distortion in terms of both peak signal to noise ratio and flickering metrics compared to frame-by-frame video watermarking while the robustness against scalable compression is improved by using 2D + t over the conventional t + 2D domain video watermarking, particularly for blind watermarking schemes where the motion is estimated from the watermarked video.