Efficient and robust pseudonymous authentication in VANET
Proceedings of the fourth ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks
SECURING VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS
IEEE Wireless Communications
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Identification and authentication of vehicles is a challenging research issue in the VANET environment. The VANET should allow only the authentic vehicles to participate in the system for efficient utilization of its available resources. In case of inter-vehicle communication or communication through infrastructure vehicle identification is a fundamental security issue as it helps to process the messages from legitimate senders only during communication. The present work uses vehicle identification number for identification and authentication of a vehicle in the VANET environment. The proposed system architecture is a four level hierarchy in which the certifying authority is at the root level and also at the first level, base stations are at the second level and vehicles are at the leaf level. Each vehicle broadcasts its vehicle identification number in encrypted form after entering into the coverage area of a base station. The base station starts initial registration phase of a vehicle by sending the received vehicle identification number to its parent certifying authority at the first level of the hierarchy. The parent certifying authority of the base station sends the vehicle identification number to the certifying authority at the root level. The certifying authority at the root level verifies the authentication of this vehicle, generates the digital signature for this vehicle if it is authentic and sends this digital signature to the parent certifying authority of the base station at the first level of the hierarchy. The parent certifying authority of the base station broadcasts digital signature to all the base stations under its coverage area. The base station within which that vehicle is currently moving assigns the digital signature and allocates a channel to that vehicle. The channel remains busy as long as the vehicle is within the coverage area of this base station. So the base station is able to track an authentic vehicle within its coverage area by sensing the channel. The performance of the proposed scheme is studied qualitatively in terms of communication and storage overhead per vehicle. It is also studied quantitatively by observing the variation of vehicle identification number processing time as a function of the number of vehicles in the proposed VANET environment and its associate parameters for authentication of vehicle as a function of the size of encrypted vehicle identification number.