A formal framework for linguistic annotation
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech annotation and corpus tools
Building a large annotated corpus of English: the penn treebank
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
International standard for a linguistic annotation framework
Natural Language Engineering
Optimizing algorithms for pronoun resolution
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Merging PropBank, NomBank, TimeBank, Penn Discourse Treebank and Coreference
CorpusAnno '05 Proceedings of the Workshop on Frontiers in Corpus Annotations II: Pie in the Sky
DiscAnnotation '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACL Workshop on Discourse Annotation
GrAF: a graph-based format for linguistic annotations
LAW '07 Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop
ISOcat: remodelling metadata for language resources
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
WordNet and FrameNet as complementary resources for annotation
ACL-IJCNLP '09 Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop
The manually annotated sub-corpus: a community resource for and by the people
ACLShort '10 Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers
The semantic gap of formalized meaning
ESWC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications - Volume Part II
By all these lovely tokens... Merging conflicting tokenizations
Language Resources and Evaluation
TELIX: an RDF-Based model for linguistic annotation
ESWC'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and applications
TELIX: an RDF-Based model for linguistic annotation
ESWC'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and applications
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This paper describes POWLA, a generic formalism to represent linguistic annotations in an interoperable way by means of OWL/DL. Unlike other approaches in this direction, POWLA is not tied to a specific selection of annotation layers, but it is designed to support any kind of text-oriented annotation.