H-coloring tori

  • Authors:
  • John Engbers;David Galvin

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Mathematics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States;Department of Mathematics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B
  • Year:
  • 2012

Quantified Score

Hi-index 0.00

Visualization

Abstract

For graphs G and H, an H-coloring of G is a function from the vertices of G to the vertices of H that preserves adjacency. H-colorings encode graph theory notions such as independent sets and proper colorings, and are a natural setting for the study of hard-constraint models in statistical physics. We study the set of H-colorings of the even discrete torus Z"m^d, the graph on vertex set {0,...,m-1}^d (m even) with two strings adjacent if they differ by 1 (mod m) on one coordinate and agree on all others. This is a bipartite graph, with bipartition classes E and O. In the case m=2 the even discrete torus is the discrete hypercube or Hamming cube Q"d, the usual nearest neighbor graph on {0,1}^d. We obtain, for any H and fixed m, a structural characterization of the space of H-colorings of Z"m^d. We show that it may be partitioned into an exceptional subset of negligible size (as d grows) and a collection of subsets indexed by certain pairs (A,B)@?V(H)^2, with each H-coloring in the subset indexed by (A,B) having all but a vanishing proportion of vertices from E mapped to vertices from A, and all but a vanishing proportion of vertices from O mapped to vertices from B. This implies a long-range correlation phenomenon for uniformly chosen H-colorings of Z"m^d with m fixed and d growing. The special pairs (A,B)@?V(H)^2 are characterized by every vertex in A being adjacent to every vertex in B, and having |A||B| maximal subject to this condition. Our main technical result is an upper bound on the probability, for an arbitrary edge uv of Z"m^d, that in a uniformly chosen H-coloring f of Z"m^d the pair ({f(w):w@?N"u},{f(z):z@?N"v}) is not one of these special pairs (where N"@? indicates neighborhood). Our proof proceeds through an analysis of the entropy of f, and extends an approach of Kahn, who had considered the case of m=2 and H a doubly infinite path. All our results generalize to a natural weighted model of H-colorings.