Minimum disclosure proofs of knowledge
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - 27th IEEE Conference on Foundations of Computer Science October 27-29, 1986
The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems
SIAM Journal on Computing
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
A note on efficient zero-knowledge proofs and arguments (extended abstract)
STOC '92 Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Gradual and Verifiable Release of a Secret
CRYPTO '87 A Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques on Advances in Cryptology
Non-Interactive and Information-Theoretic Secure Verifiable Secret Sharing
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
PKC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography: Public Key Cryptography
M+1-st Price Auction Using Homomorphic Encryption
PKC '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptosystems: Public Key Cryptography
Electronic Commerce Research
Practical secrecy-preserving, verifiably correct and trustworthy auctions
ICEC '06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet
Highly Efficient Secrecy-Preserving Proofs of Correctness of Computations and Applications
LICS '07 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
Cryptographic Combinatorial Securities Exchanges
Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Secure Multiparty Computation Goes Live
Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Secure Vickrey auctions without threshold trust
FC'02 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Financial cryptography
Language design and standardization
TRI-Ada '90 Proceedings of the conference on TRI-ADA '90
Verifiable auctions for online ad exchanges
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM
Cryptography miracles, secure auctions, matching problem verification
Communications of the ACM
| Hi-index | 0.02 |
Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are one of the most striking innovations in theoretical computer science. In practice, the prevalent ZKP methods are, at times, too complicated to be useful for real-life applications. In this paper we present a practically efficient method for ZKPs which has a wide range applications. Specifically, motivated by the need to provide an upon-demand efficient validation of various financial transactions (e.g., the high-volume Internet auctions), we have developed a novel secure and highly efficient method for validating correctness of the output of a transaction while keeping input values secret. The method applies to input values which are publicly committed to by employing generic commitment functions (even input values submitted using tamper-proof hardware solely with input/ output access can be used.) We call these: strictly black box [SBB] commitments. Hence these commitments are typically much faster than public-key ones, and are the only cryptographic/ security tool we give the poly-time players, throughout. The general problem we solve in this work is: Let SLC be a publicly known staight line computation on n input values taken from a finite field and having k output values. The inputs are publicly committed to in a SBB manner. An Evaluator performs the SLC on the inputs and announces the output values. Upon demand the Evaluator, or a Prover acting on his behalf, can present to a Verifier a proof of correctness of the announced output values. This is done in a manner that (1) The input values as well as all intermediate values of the SLC remain information theoretically secret. (2) The probability that the Verifier will accept a false claim of correctness of the output values can be made exponentially small. (3) The Prover can supply any required number of proofs of correctness to multiple Verifiers. (4) The method is highly efficient. The application to financial processes is straight forward. To this end (1) we first use a novel technique for representation of values from a finite field which we call "split representation", the two coordinates of the split representation are generically committed to; (2) next, the SLC is augmented by the Prover into a "translation" which is presented to the Verifier as a sequence of generically committed split representations of values; (3) using the translation, the Prover and Verifier conduct a secrecy preserving proof of correctness of the announced SLC output values; (4) in order to exponentially reduce the probability of cheating by the Prover and also to enable multiple proofs, a novel highly efficient method for preparation of any number of committed-to split representations of the n input values is employed. The extreme efficiency of these ZK methods is of decisive importance for large volume applications. Secrecy preserving validation of announced results of Vickrey auctions is our demonstrative example.