AVEC 2012: the continuous audio/visual emotion challenge - an introduction
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
AVEC 2012: the continuous audio/visual emotion challenge
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Keyword spotting exploiting Long Short-Term Memory
Speech Communication
MACH: my automated conversation coach
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing
From multicultural agents to culture-aware robots
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: human-centred design approaches, methods, tools, and environments - Volume Part I
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This paper describes a substantial effort to build a real-time interactive multimodal dialogue system with a focus on emotional and nonverbal interaction capabilities. The work is motivated by the aim to provide technology with competences in perceiving and producing the emotional and nonverbal behaviors required to sustain a conversational dialogue. We present the Sensitive Artificial Listener (SAL) scenario as a setting which seems particularly suited for the study of emotional and nonverbal behavior since it requires only very limited verbal understanding on the part of the machine. This scenario allows us to concentrate on nonverbal capabilities without having to address at the same time the challenges of spoken language understanding, task modeling, etc. We first report on three prototype versions of the SAL scenario in which the behavior of the Sensitive Artificial Listener characters was determined by a human operator. These prototypes served the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of the SAL scenario and allowed us to collect data required for building system components for analyzing and synthesizing the respective behaviors. We then describe the fully autonomous integrated real-time system we created, which combines incremental analysis of user behavior, dialogue management, and synthesis of speaker and listener behavior of a SAL character displayed as a virtual agent. We discuss principles that should underlie the evaluation of SAL-type systems. Since the system is designed for modularity and reuse and since it is publicly available, the SAL system has potential as a joint research tool in the affective computing research community.