Digital watermarking using zerotree of DCT
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Hidden digital watermarks in images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on multistage vector quantization
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Shape-adaptive discrete wavelet transforms for arbitrarily shaped visual object coding
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Reversible Visible Watermarking and Lossless Recovery of Original Images
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A Novel Image Ownership Protection Scheme Based on Rehashing Concept and Vector Quantization
Fundamenta Informaticae
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Digital watermarking techniques are an importantmethod to provide copyright protection of multimedia. In this paper, we proposed a non-embedded watermarking scheme, based on vector quantization (VQ), to protect the image copyright. Our approach applies a codebook to generate a relationship between image blocks and watermark bits, and then the relationship is outputted as the key stream (called KS). With the KS, the relationship between the image and the watermark are confirmed and the copyright of the image is declared. In our method, the number of bits that are related to a block is adaptive. Compared to the scheme of Lin et al., our approach needs only one codebook, while their approach requires seven. Moreover, in our approach each block can be connected with watermark bits, while some blocks can not be connected with watermark bits in their method. Finally, a method of adjusting the robustness is given for our proposed approach. Our approach not only reduces the length of the key stream, but it also allows for a more flexible application. In addition, our experimental results show that the proposed approach runs faster and is more robust than that of Lin et al.