Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series
The handbook of brain theory and neural networks
The handbook of brain theory and neural networks
Computation of pattern invariance in brain-like structures
Neural Networks - Special issue on organisation of computation in brain-like systems
Recognizing Facial Expression: Machine Learning and Application to Spontaneous Behavior
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Learning a dictionary of shape-components in visual cortex: comparison with neurons, humans and machines
Robust Object Recognition with Cortex-Like Mechanisms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Human facial expressions - a visually explicit manifestation of human emotions - convey a wealth of social signals. They are often considered as the short cut to reveal the psychological consequences and mechanisms underlying the emotional modulation of cognition. However, how to analyze emotional facial expressions from the visual cortical system's viewpoint, thus, how visual system handles facial expression information, remains elusive. As an important paradigm for understanding hierarchical processing in the ventral pathway, we report results by applying a hierarchy cortical model proposed by Poggio et al to analyze facial cues on several facial expression databases, showing that the method is accurate and satisfactory, indicating that the cortical like mechanism for facial expression recognition should be exploited in great consideration.