On network-aware clustering of Web clients
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Bayeux: an architecture for scalable and fault-tolerant wide-area data dissemination
NOSSDAV '01 Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A scalable content-addressable network
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking
NOSSDAV '02 Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Globally Distributed Content Delivery
IEEE Internet Computing
Scalable application layer multicast
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Peer-to-Peer Membership Management for Gossip-Based Protocols
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric
IPTPS '01 Revised Papers from the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems
Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems
Middleware '01 Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms Heidelberg
Application-Level Multicast Using Content-Addressable Networks
NGC '01 Proceedings of the Third International COST264 Workshop on Networked Group Communication
Borg: a hybrid protocol for scalable application-level multicast in peer-to-peer networks
NOSSDAV '03 Proceedings of the 13th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Resilient multicast using overlays
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Bullet: high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
SplitStream: high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Scattercast: an adaptable broadcast distribution framework
Multimedia Systems
Vivaldi: a decentralized network coordinate system
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Content Delivery Networks: Status and Trends
IEEE Internet Computing
Large-scale live media streaming over peer-to-peer networks through global internet
Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Advances in peer-to-peer multimedia streaming
rStream: resilient peer-to-peer streaming with rateless codes
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Understanding user behavior in large-scale video-on-demand systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2006
Early experience with an internet broadcast system based on overlay multicast
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Approximating minimum bounded degree spanning trees to within one of optimal
Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Overcast: reliable multicasting with on overlay network
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
ALMI: an application level multicast infrastructure
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
mTreebone: A Hybrid Tree/Mesh Overlay for Application-Layer Live Video Multicast
ICDCS '07 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Can ISPS and P2P users cooperate for improved performance?
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Characterizing PPStream across Internet
NPC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops
Epidemic live streaming: optimal performance trade-offs
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Designing less-structured P2P systems for the expected high churn
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
P4p: provider portal for applications
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
Taming the torrent: a practical approach to reducing cross-isp traffic in peer-to-peer systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale p2p-vod system
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
Is There a Future for Mesh-Based live Video Streaming?
P2P '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing
Study of PPStream Based on Measurement
IITA '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application - Volume 02
Real-time monitoring of video quality in IP networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Measurement and modeling of a large-scale overlay for multimedia streaming
The Fourth International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness & Workshops
Analysis of PPLive through active and passive measurements
IPDPS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel&Distributed Processing
Robust and efficient stream delivery for application layer multicasting in heterogeneous networks
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Investigating the scheduling sensitivity of P2P video streaming: an experimental study
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia - Special section on communities and media computing
Incentive cooperation strategies for peer-to-peer live multimedia streaming social networks
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia - Special section on communities and media computing
Path-diversity P2P overlay retransmissioll for reliable IP-multicast
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Island multicast: combining IP multicast with overlay data distribution
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Revisiting Peering Strategies in Push-Pull Based P2P Streaming Systems
ISM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 11th IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia
LayerP2P: using layered video chunks in P2P live streaming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Fast-mesh: a low-delay high-bandwidth mesh for peer-to-peer live streaming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
TreeClimber: A network-driven push-pull hybrid scheme for peer-to-peer video live streaming
LCN '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 35th Conference on Local Computer Networks
Chainsaw: eliminating trees from overlay multicast
IPTPS'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Peer-to-Peer Systems
Hybrid overlay structure based on random walks
IPTPS'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Peer-to-Peer Systems
A survey and comparison of peer-to-peer overlay network schemes
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
PULSE: An Adaptive, Incentive-Based, Unstructured P2P Live Streaming System
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Coolstreaming: Design, Theory, and Practice
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Network Awareness of P2P Live Streaming Applications: A Measurement Study
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
SPANC: Optimizing Scheduling Delay for Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
TURINstream: A Totally pUsh, Robust, and effIcieNt P2P Video Streaming Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Multipoint communication: a survey of protocols, functions, and mechanisms
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A case for end system multicast
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Scribe: a large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Tapestry: a resilient global-scale overlay for service deployment
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A peer-to-peer architecture for media streaming
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
An Empirical Study of the Coolstreaming+ System
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
R2: Random Push with Random Network Coding in Live Peer-to-Peer Streaming
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Understanding the Power of Pull-Based Streaming Protocol: Can We Do Better?
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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Live video streaming applications have gained great popularity among users but exert great pressure on video servers and the Internet. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks provide an attractive solution due to their low cost and high scalability. A large number of P2P live video streaming schemes have been proposed and many deployments have appeared on the Internet. These schemes pursue vastly diverse directions, from mimicking IP multicast to BitTorrent-like swarming to distributed hash tables. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth survey of P2P live video streaming schemes from an algorithmic perspective. Our purpose is to acquaint future designers with the critical design choices and their impacts on system performance. The primary objective of a P2P live video streaming system is to distribute packets from the video source to peers, and the collective paths through which a packet traverses form a tree. We focus on three aspects of how these trees are formed: determining the supplier-receiver relationships for each packet, handling the departure of the supplier or receiver before their relationship expires, and handling lost packets. We identify critical design choices in each aspect and propose a taxonomy according to these choices. Because the surveyed papers use different performance metrics and the reported results are heavily influenced by their experimental settings, we consider two measures to identify the impact of each design choice: we use a set of ''internal'' metrics in addition to the commonly used ''external'' metrics, and we examine performance metrics of schemes that have made the same design choice. For better understanding of how the design choices interact with one another and exposing future designers to the design choices specific to each individual scheme, we also provide systematic summaries for a large number of schemes.