The Complexity of Type Analysis of Object Oriented Programs
ECCOP '98 Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Declaring and checking non-null types in an object-oriented language
OOPSLA '03 Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and applications
Establishing object invariants with delayed types
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications
Masked types for sound object initialization
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
A Static Bug Detector for Uninitialized Field References in Java Programs
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Are We Ready for a Safer Construction Environment?
Genoa Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on ECOOP 2009 --- Object-Oriented Programming
A type and effect system for deterministic parallel Java
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Ownership and immutability in generic Java
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
A time-aware type system for data-race protection and guaranteed initialization
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Enforcing secure object initialization in java
ESORICS'10 Proceedings of the 15th European conference on Research in computer security
Java security: from hotjava to netscape and beyond
SP'96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE conference on Security and privacy
Why nothing matters: the impact of zeroing
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Freedom before commitment: a lightweight type system for object initialisation
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
The billion-dollar fix: safe modular circular initialisation
ECOOP'13 Proceedings of the 27th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
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X10 is an object oriented programming language with a sophisticated type system (constraints, class invariants, non-erased generics, closures) and concurrency constructs (asynchronous activities, multiple places). Object initialization is a cross-cutting concern that interacts with all of these features in delicate ways that may cause type, runtime, and security errors. This paper discusses possible designs for object initialization, and the "hardhat" design chosen and implemented in X10 version 2.2. Our implementation includes a fixed-point inter-procedural (intra-class) data-flow analysis that infers, for each method called during initialization, the set of fields that are read, and those that are asynchronously and synchronously assigned. Our codebase of more than 200K lines of code only had 104 annotations. Finally, we formalize the essence of initialization checking with an effect system intended to complement a standard FJ style formalization of the type system for X10. This system is substantially simpler than the masked types of [10], and it is more practical (for X10) than the free-committed types of [12]. This is the first formalization of a type and (flow-sensitive) effect system for safe initialization in the presence of concurrency constructs.