Annotating simplices with a homology basis and its applications

  • Authors:
  • Oleksiy Busaryev;Sergio Cabello;Chao Chen;Tamal K. Dey;Yusu Wang

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;Department of Mathematics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia;Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

  • Venue:
  • SWAT'12 Proceedings of the 13th Scandinavian conference on Algorithm Theory
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

Let ${\cal K}$ be a simplicial complex and g the rank of its p-th homology group ${\sf H}_{p}({\cal K})$ defined with ℤ2 coefficients. We show that we can compute a basis H of ${\sf H}_{p}({\cal K})$ and annotate each p-simplex of ${\cal K}$ with a binary vector of length g with the following property: the annotations, summed over all p-simplices in any p-cycle z, provide the coordinate vector of the homology class [z] in the basis H. The basis and the annotations for all simplices can be computed in O(nω) time, where n is the size of ${\cal K}$ and ωn×n matrices can be multiplied in O(nω) time. The precomputed annotations permit answering queries about the independence or the triviality of p-cycles efficiently. Using annotations of edges in 2-complexes, we derive better algorithms for computing optimal basis and optimal homologous cycles in 1 - dimensional homology. Specifically, for computing an optimal basis of ${\sf H}_{1}({\cal K})$, we improve the previously known time complexity from O(n4) to O(nω+n2gω−1). Here n denotes the size of the 2-skeleton of ${\cal K}$ and g the rank of ${\sf H}_{1}({\cal K})$. Computing an optimal cycle homologous to a given 1-cycle is NP-hard even for surfaces and an algorithm taking 2O(g)nlogn time is known for surfaces. We extend this algorithm to work with arbitrary 2-complexes in O(nω)+2O(g)n2logn time using annotations.