Maximum cliques in graphs with small intersection number and random intersection graphs

• Authors: Sotiris Nikoletseas;Christoforos Raptopoulos;Paul G. Spirakis
• Venue: MFCS'12 Proceedings of the 37th international conference on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science
• Year: 2012

In this paper, we relate the problem of finding a maximum clique to the intersection number of the input graph (i.e. the minimum number of cliques needed to edge cover the graph). In particular, we consider the maximum clique problem for graphs with small intersection number and random intersection graphs (a model in which each one of m labels is chosen independently with probability p by each one of n vertices, and there are edges between any vertices with overlaps in the labels chosen). We first present a simple algorithm which, on input G finds a maximum clique in $O(2^{2^m + O(m)} + n^2 \min\{2^m, n\})$ time steps, where m is an upper bound on the intersection number and n is the number of vertices. Consequently, when m≤ln ln n the running time of this algorithm is polynomial. We then consider random instances of the random intersection graphs model as input graphs. As our main contribution, we prove that, when the number of labels is not too large (m=nα, 0α As an important consequence of our Single Label Clique Theorem, we prove that the problem of inferring the complete information of label choices for each vertex from the resulting random intersection graph (i.e. the label representation of the graph) is solvable whp; namely, the maximum likelihood estimation method will provide a unique solution (up to permutations of the labels). Finding efficient algorithms for constructing such a label representation is left as an interesting open problem for future research.