New insertion and postoptimization procedures for the traveling salesman problem
Operations Research
Computers and Operations Research
A tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem
Management Science
Stochastic Vehicle Routing with Random Travel Times
Transportation Science
Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Part II: Metaheuristics
Transportation Science
New Route Relaxation and Pricing Strategies for the Vehicle Routing Problem
Operations Research
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This paper studies a vehicle routing problem with soft time windows and stochastic travel times. A model is developed that considers both transportation costs (total distance traveled, number of vehicles used and drivers' total expected overtime) and service costs (early and late arrivals). We propose a Tabu Search method to solve this model. An initialization algorithm is developed to construct feasible routes by taking into account the travel time stochasticity. Solutions provided by the Tabu Search algorithm are further improved by a post-optimization method. We conduct our computational experiments for well-known problem instances. Results show that our Tabu Search method performs well by obtaining very good final solutions in a reasonable amount of time.