On calibrating measurements of packet transit times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Remote Physical Device Fingerprinting
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Defeating TCP/IP stack fingerprinting
SSYM'00 Proceedings of the 9th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 9
Identifying unique devices through wireless fingerprinting
WiSec '08 Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Wireless network security
Active behavioral fingerprinting of wireless devices
WiSec '08 Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Wireless network security
Wireless device identification with radiometric signatures
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
How unique is your web browser?
PETS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Sequence number-based MAC address spoof detection
RAID'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection
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The goal of this research is to validate clock skew based device fingerprinting introduced in 2005 and explore the feasibility of its usage and/or modification to facilitate unique device identification across heterogenous target devices with improved accuracy and reduced errors. Our network consists of 212 devices that include desktops, laptops and handhelds. We conduct a systematic evaluation of the clock-skew fingerprint stability across 3 primary dimensions namely, change in target host environment, configuration and measurement methodology. We also investigate parameters that affect clock skew of a device. Our results indicate that a minimum of 70 packets are required to achieve a stable skew estimate. We also observe a significant difference between desktop and handheld clock-skew behavior with the factors affecting skew estimates being handheld power state and NTP updates. Thus, for a moderate-size network, clock skew based fingerprints provide a stable and conclusive means of identification for desktops and laptops but show jumps for the handhelds.