Efficient flooding with Passive Clustering (PC) in ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
A Survey on One-Hop Clustering Algorithms in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Journal of Network and Systems Management
HYMAD: Hybrid DTN-MANET routing for dense and highly dynamic wireless networks
Computer Communications
BUBBLE Rap: Social-Based Forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Opportunistic networking: data forwarding in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
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In critical and emergency scenarios such as disasters, first responders must setup mobile networks in order to address the lack of a functioning network infrastructure. Communication in such scenarios may be susceptible to long interruptions, and as a consequence we must employ DTN-based (Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks) communication protocols. Existing routing approaches suitable for emergency scenarios tend to consume a large amount of resources, due to the stochastic behavior of node movement. This paper has two contributions. First, we propose a resource-efficient DTN routing protocol, called HIerarquical Group ROuting Protocol (HIGROP). HIGROP aims to reduce the forwarding overhead by the use of node clusters, while maximizing the message delivery rate. The second contribution is the definition of a new mobility model, called MME, which emulates the movement patterns of first responders in search and rescue scenarios. We compared HIGROP against Epidemic and Prophet protocols and noticed that it is scalable and has a lower communication overhead.