What Is A Nonmonotonic Consequence Relation?

  • Authors:
  • Robert Stalnaker

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, stal@athena.mit.edu

  • Venue:
  • Fundamenta Informaticae
  • Year:
  • 1994

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Abstract

This paper is an attempt to articulate and respond to a philosophical problem about the general idea of a nonmonotonic consequence relation. The problem concerns the clarification of the target notion that various particular nonmonotonic theories, both model-theoretic and proof- theoretic, are attempting to explicate. Two different general conceptions are contrasted. The first is based on an idea of implicit content. According to this idea, a semantic interpretation assigns to the sentences of a language an explicit content in the usual way, and also an implicit content as a function of the explicit content, ψ is a nonmonotonic consequence of &phgr; if ψ is a consequence in the classical sense of the implicit content of the implicit content of &phgr;. On this interpretation, nonmonotonic consequence is a deductive relation. According to the second idea, nonmonotonic reasoning concerns belief revision; to say that ψ is a nonmonotonic .consequence of &phgr; is to say that ψ should be accepted in a belief state that is revised to accommodate the acceptance of &phgr;. Some specific nonmonotonic theories, and some principles of nonmonotonic consequence, are considered from these two points of view.