The String-to-String Correction Problem
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Tactile virtual buttons for mobile devices
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"Boundary of Illusion: " An Experiment of Sensory Integration with a Pseudo-Haptic System
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Crossmodal congruence: the look, feel and sound of touchscreen widgets
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
The performance of touch screen soft buttons
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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The simple action of pressing a button is a multimodal interaction with an interesting depth of complexity. As the development of computer interfaces supporting 3D tasks progresses, there is a need to understand how users will interact with virtual buttons that generate multimodal feedback. Using a phone number dialing task on a virtual keypad, this study examined the effects of visual, auditory, and haptic feedback combinations on task performance and on the motion of individual button presses. The results suggest that the resistance of haptic feedback alone was not enough to prevent participants from pressing the button farther than necessary. Reinforcing haptic feedback with visual or auditory feedback shortened the depth of the presses significantly. However, the shallower presses that occurred with trimodal feedback may have led participants to release some buttons too early, which may explain an unexpected increase in mistakes where the participant missed digits from the phone number.