Natural Language Engineering
GrAF: a graph-based format for linguistic annotations
LAW '07 Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop
The manually annotated sub-corpus: a community resource for and by the people
ACLShort '10 Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers
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This paper describes a comprehensive standard for resource description developed within ISO TC37 SC4). The standard is instantiated in a system of XML headers that accompany data and annotation documents represented using the the Linguistic Annotation Framework's Graph Annotation Format (GrAF) (Ide and Suderman, 2007; Ide and Suderman, Submitted). It provides mechanisms for describing the organization of the resource, documenting the conventions used in the resource, associating data and annotation documents, and defining and selecting defined portions of the resource and its annotations. It has been designed to accommodate the use of XML technologies for processing, including XPath, XSLT, and, by virtue of the system's linkage strategy, RDF/OWL, and to accommodate linkage to web-based ontologies and data category registries such as the OLiA ontologies (Chiarcos, 2012) and ISOCat (Marc Kemps-Snijders and Wright, 2008).