How to generate cryptographically strong sequences of pseudo-random bits
SIAM Journal on Computing
How to construct random functions
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Resynchronization weaknesses in synchronous stream ciphers
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
On the Generation of Cryptographically Strong Pseudo-Random Sequences
Proceedings of the 8th Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4
SAC '01 Revised Papers from the 8th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
Sparse Pseudorandom Distributions
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Scream: A Software-Efficient Stream Cipher
FSE '02 Revised Papers from the 9th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Theory and application of trapdoor functions
SFCS '82 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Extending the resynchronization attack
SAC'04 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
QUAD: a practical stream cipher with provable security
EUROCRYPT'06 Proceedings of the 24th annual international conference on The Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Secure PRNGs from Specialized Polynomial Maps over Any $\mathbb{F}_{q}$
PQCrypto '08 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography
Software Oriented Stream Ciphers Based upon FCSRs in Diversified Mode
INDOCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
X-FCSR: a new software oriented stream cipher based upon FCSRs
INDOCRYPT'07 Proceedings of the cryptology 8th international conference on Progress in cryptology
Lightweight privacy preserving authentication for RFID using a stream cipher
FSE'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Fast software encryption
Gemstone: a new stream cipher using coupled map lattice
Inscrypt'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information security and cryptology
Non-interactive opening for ciphertexts encrypted by shared keys
ICICS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information and communications security
Tweakable enciphering schemes using only the encryption function of a block cipher
Information Processing Letters
FSE'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
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Almost all the existing stream ciphers are using two inputs: a secret key and an initial value (IV). However recent attacks indicate that designing a secure IV-dependent stream cipher and especially the key and IV setup component of such a cipher remains a difficult task. In this paper we first formally establish the security of a well known generic construction for deriving an IV-dependent stream cipher, namely the composition of a key and IV setup pseudo-random function (PRF) with a keystream generation pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). We then present a tree-based construction allowing to derive a IV-dependent stream cipher from a PRNG for a moderate cost that can be viewed as a subcase of the former generic construction. Finally we show that the recently proposed stream cipher quad [3] uses this tree-based construction and that consequently the security proof for quad's keystream generation part given in [3] can be extended to incorporate the key and IV setup.