An efficient implementation of SELF a dynamically-typed object-oriented language based on prototypes
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
POPL '90 Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Dynamic typing in a statically typed language
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
PLDI '91 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1991 conference on Programming language design and implementation
The revised report on the syntactic theories of sequential control and state
Theoretical Computer Science
Strongtalk: typechecking Smalltalk in a production environment
OOPSLA '93 Proceedings of the eighth annual conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Soft typing with conditional types
POPL '94 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Dynamic typing: syntax and proof theory
ESOP'92 Selected papers of the symposium on Fourth European symposium on programming
A syntactic approach to type soundness
Information and Computation
Selective specialization for object-oriented languages
PLDI '95 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1995 conference on Programming language design and implementation
A generalization of exceptions and control in ML-like languages
FPCA '95 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Functional programming languages and computer architecture
Safe polymorphic type inference for a dynamically typed language: translating Scheme to ML
FPCA '95 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Functional programming languages and computer architecture
Catching bugs in the web of program invariants
PLDI '96 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Dylan programming: an object-oriented and dynamic language
Dylan programming: an object-oriented and dynamic language
The Dylan reference manual: the definitive guide to the new object-oriented dynamic language
The Dylan reference manual: the definitive guide to the new object-oriented dynamic language
Trust and partial typing in open systems of mobile agents
Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Componential set-based analysis
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Types and programming languages
Types and programming languages
A Theory of Objects
Contracts for higher-order functions
Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Principal type-schemes for functional programs
POPL '82 Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme
Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation
Tag Elimination and Jones-Optimality
PADO '01 Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Programs as Data Objects
LFP '82 Proceedings of the 1982 ACM symposium on LISP and functional programming
Fine-grained interoperability through mirrors and contracts
OOPSLA '05 Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Interlanguage migration: from scripts to programs
Companion to the 21st ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Operational semantics for multi-language programs
Proceedings of the 34th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Gradual typing for first-class classes
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Early detection of type errors in C++ templates
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2014 Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Program Manipulation
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Static and dynamic type systems have well-known strengths and weaknesses. In previous work we developed a gradual type system for a functional calculus named Λ→?. Gradual typing provides the benefits of both static and dynamic checking in a single language by allowing the programmer to control whether a portion of the program is type checked at compile-time or run-time by adding or removing type annotations on variables. Several object-oriented scripting languages are preparing to add static checking. To support that work this paper develops Ob? a gradual type system for object-based languages, extending the Ob calculus of Abadi and Cardelli. Our primary contribution is to show that gradual typing and subtyping are orthogonal and can be combined in a principled fashion. We also develop a small-step semantics, provide a machine-checked proof of type safety, and improve the space efficiency of higher-order casts.