Protecting digital media content
Communications of the ACM
Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video
Signal Processing
A Multilinear Singular Value Decomposition
SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications
Digital watermarking
Robust DWT-SVD domain image watermarking: embedding data in all frequencies
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
REAL TIME DIGITAL VIDEO WATERMARKING FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT VIA MODIFICATION OF VLCS
ICPADS '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Workshops - Volume 02
An embedded watermark technique in video for copyright protection
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 04
Algorithm 862: MATLAB tensor classes for fast algorithm prototyping
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Multiresolution scene-based video watermarking using perceptual models
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Blind MPEG-2 video watermarking robust against geometric attacks: a set of approaches in DCT domain
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A novel scheme for hybrid digital video watermarking: approach, evaluation and experimentation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Incremental learning of bidirectional principal components for face recognition
Pattern Recognition
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In this paper, we introduce a new watermarking algorithm to embed an invisible watermark into the intra-frames of an MPEG video sequence. Unlike previous methods where each video frame is marked separately, our proposed technique uses high-order tensor decomposition of videos. The key idea behind our approach is to represent a fixed number of the intra-frames as a 3D tensor with two dimensions in space and one dimension in time. Then we modify the singular values of the 3D tensor, which have a good stability and represent the video properties. The main attractive features of this approach are simplicity and robustness. The experimental results show the robustness of the proposed scheme against the most common attacks including geometric transformations, adaptive random noise, low pass filtering, histogram equalization, frame dropping, frame swapping, and frame averaging.