Speech Content Integrity Verification Integrated with ITU G.723.1 Speech Coding
ITCC '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
Speech authentication system using digital watermarking and pattern recovery
Pattern Recognition Letters
Watermarking-based digital audio data authentication
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Statistics- and spatiality-based feature distance measure for error resilient image authentication
Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security II
Audio authenticity: detecting ENF discontinuity with high precision phase analysis
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
On the design of content-based multimedia authentication systems
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Digital audio has been ubiquitous over the past decade. Since it can be easily modified by editing tools, there has been a strong need to protect its content for secure multimedia applications. Existing audio authentication algorithms are mainly focused on either human speech or general audio with music as part of the test data, while special research on music authentication has been somewhat neglected. In this article, we propose a novel algorithm to protect the integrity and authenticity of music signals. Its main contributions include: (1) Music is segmented into beat-based frames, which not only endows the authentication units with more semantic meaning but also perfectly resolves the challenging synchronization problem; (2) Robust hashes are generated from Chroma-based mid-level audio feature which can appropriately characterize the music content, and integrated with an encryption procedure to ensure the security against malicious block-wise vector quantization attack; (3) Fuzzy logic is adopted to make the authentication decision in light of three measures defined on bit errors, coinciding with the inherent blurred nature of authentication. Experiments exhibit good discriminative ability between admissible and malicious operations.