A survey on wireless sensor network infrastructure for agriculture

  • Authors:
  • Xiaoqing Yu;Pute Wu;Wenting Han;Zenglin Zhang

  • Affiliations:
  • Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China;Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China and National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Institute of Soil and Water Conser ...;Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China and National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Institute of Soil and Water Conser ...;Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China and Research Institute of Water-saving Agriculture of Arid Regions of China, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China

  • Venue:
  • Computer Standards & Interfaces
  • Year:
  • 2013

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Abstract

The hybrid wireless sensor network is a promising application of wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference between a hybrid WSN and a terrestrial wireless sensor network is the wireless underground sensor network, which communicates in the soil. In this paper, a hybrid wireless sensor network architecture is introduced. The framework to deploy and operate a hybrid WSN is developed. Experiments were conducted using a soil that was 50% sand, 35% silt, and 15% clay; it had a bulk density of 1.5g/cm^3 and a specific density of 2.6cm^-^3. The experiment was conducted for several soil moistures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) and three signal frequencies (433, 868 and 915MHz). The results show that the radio signal path loss is smallest for low frequency signals and low moisture soils. Furthermore, the node deployment depth affected signal attenuation for the 433MHz signal. The best node deployment depth for effective transmission in a wireless underground sensor network was determined.