Segmentation of the carotid intima-media region in B-mode ultrasound images
Image and Vision Computing
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Segmentation of ultrasound images of the carotid using RANSAC and cubic splines
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
White and black blood volumetric angiographic filtering: ellipsoidal scale-space approach
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
EdgeFlow: a technique for boundary detection and image segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
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Automated and high performance carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement is gaining increasing importance in clinical practice to assess the cardiovascular risk of patients. In this paper, we compare four fully automated IMT measurement techniques (CALEX, CAMES, CARES and CAUDLES) and one semi-automated technique (FOAM). We present our experience using these algorithms, whose lumen-intima and media-adventitia border estimation use different methods that can be: (a) edge-based; (b) training-based; (c) feature-based; or (d) directional Edge-Flow based. Our database (DB) consisted of 665 images that represented a multi-ethnic group and was acquired using four OEM scanners. The performance evaluation protocol adopted error measures, reproducibility measures, and Figure of Merit (FoM). FOAM showed the best performance, with an IMT bias equal to 0.025+/-0.225mm, and a FoM equal to 96.6%. Among the four automated methods, CARES showed the best results with a bias of 0.032+/-0.279mm, and a FoM to 95.6%, which was statistically comparable to that of FOAM performance in terms of accuracy and reproducibility. This is the first time that completely automated and user-driven techniques have been compared on a multi-ethnic dataset, acquired using multiple original equipment manufacturer (OEM) machines with different gain settings, representing normal and pathologic cases.