Future Generation Computer Systems
Parallel ant colonies for the quadratic assignment problem
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue on bio-impaired solutions to parallel processing problems
Journal of Heuristics
A parallel implementation of ant colony optimization
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Problems in parallel and distributed computing: Solutions based on evolutionary paradigms
Parallelization Strategies for Ant Colony Optimization
PPSN V Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
A Parallel Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for All-Pair Routing in MANETs
IPDPS '03 Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Ant Colony Optimization
Parallel Framework for Ant-Like Algorithms
ISPDC '04 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing/Third International Workshop on Algorithms, Models and Tools for Parallel Computing on Heterogeneous Networks
Parallel Ant Colony Optimization for 3D Protein Structure Prediction using the HP Lattice Model
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 6 - Volume 07
Exchange strategies for multiple Ant Colony System
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Hardware-oriented ant colony optimization
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Implementation of Ant Colony Algorithm Based on GPU
CGIV '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization
MAX-MIN Ant System on GPU with CUDA
ICICIC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control
Parallel ant colony for nonlinear function optimization with graphics hardware acceleration
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Two models of parallel ACO algorithms for the minimum tardy task problem
International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture
Parallel ant colony optimization for the traveling salesman problem
ANTS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
Parallel genetic algorithms on programmable graphics hardware
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part III
Comparing parallelization of an ACO: message passing vs. shared memory
HM'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Hybrid Metaheuristics
Parallel multi-objective Ant Programming for classification using GPUs
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
A parallel Bees Algorithm implementation on GPU
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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The purpose of this paper is to propose effective parallelization strategies for the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) algorithm augmented with 3-opt local search is used as a framework for the implementation of the parallel ants and multiple ant colonies general parallelization approaches. The four resulting GPU algorithms are extensively evaluated and compared on both speedup and solution quality on a state-of-the-art Fermi GPU architecture. A rigorous effort is made to keep parallel algorithms true to the original MMAS applied to the Traveling Salesman Problem. We report speedups of up to 23.60 with solution quality similar to the original sequential implementation. With the intent of providing a parallelization framework for ACO on GPUs, a comparative experimental study highlights the performance impact of ACO parameters, GPU technical configuration, memory structures and parallelization granularity.