The Effectiveness of Control Structure Diagrams in Source Code Comprehension Activities
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An Experimental Comparison of the Maintainability of Object-Orientedand Structured Design Documents
Empirical Software Engineering
The cognitive dimension of viscosity: A sticky problem for HCI
INTERACT '90 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Third Interational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Conducting Realistic Experiments in Software Engineering
ISESE '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering
Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML(TM)
Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML(TM)
Theoretical Computer Science - Formal methods for components and objects
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering
Umplification: Refactoring to Incrementally Add Abstraction to a Program
WCRE '10 Proceedings of the 2010 17th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering
Teaching UML using umple: Applying model-oriented programming in the classroom
CSEET '11 Proceedings of the 2011 24th IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training
From once upon a time to happily ever after: tracking emotions in novels and fairy tales
LaTeCH '11 Proceedings of the 5th ACL-HLT Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities
Model-driven rapid prototyping with Umple
Software—Practice & Experience
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Many tools and approaches support the use of modeling abstractions in textual form. However, there have been few studies about whether textual models are as comprehensible as graphical models. We present an experiment investigating the understandability of three different notations: Systems modeled in UML, and the same systems in both Java and Umple. Umple is a model-oriented programming technology that enhances languages like Java and PHP with textual modeling abstractions. It was designed to bridge the gap between textual and graphical modeling. Our experiment asked participants to answer questions reflecting their level of comprehension. The results reveal that for simple comprehension tasks, a visual model and a textual model are comparable. Java's comprehension levels were lowest of all three notations. Our results align with the intuition that raising the abstraction levels of common object-oriented programming languages enhances comprehensibility.