How degrading networks can increase cognitive functions

Authors:
Adam Tomkins;Mark Humphries;Christian Beste;Eleni Vasilaki;Kevin Gurney
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom;Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom,Department of Cognitive Studies, Ecole Normale Sup ...;Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany;Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom;Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
Venue:
ICANN'12 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning - Volume Part I
Year:
2012

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Abstract

Huntington's is a genetic, progressive neuro-degenerative disease, causing massive network degradation effecting the medium spiny neurons of the striatum in the basal ganglia (a set of sub-cortical nuclei, believed to be critical for action selection). Despite substantial striatal cell atrophy, some cognitive functions have been shown to improve in manifest Huntington's disease patients over healthy and pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease patients. Using a detailed model of the striatal microcircuit, we show that combining current ideas about the underlying causes of the disease could lead to the counter-intuitive result of improved competitive network dynamics for signal selection.