Why AM an EUISKO appear to work.
Artificial Intelligence
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
Knowledge acquisition: Past, present and future
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
From knowledge science to symbiosis science
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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The nature vs. nurture dualism has framed the modern conversation in biology and psychology. There is an analogous distinction for knowledge acquisition and artificial intelligence. In the context of building intelligent systems, nature means acquiring knowledge by being programmed or modeled that way. Nurture means acquiring knowledge by machine learning from data and information in the world. This paper develops the nature/nurture analogy in light of the history of knowledge acquisition, the current state of the art, and the future of intelligent machines learning from human knowledge.