Improving fairness in IEEE 802.11 networks using MAC layer opportunistic retransmission
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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This paper presents an efficient opportunistic retransmission protocol (PRO, Protocol for Retransmitting Opportunistically) to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 WLANs. PRO is a link-layer protocol that allows overhearing nodes to function as relays that retransmit on behalf of a source after they learn about a failed transmission. Relays with better connectivity to the destination have a higher chance of delivering the packet than the source, thereby resulting in a more efficient use of the channel. PRO has four main features. First, channel reciprocity coupled with a runtime calibration process is used to estimate the instantaneous link quality to the destination. Second, a local qualification process filters out poor relays early. Third, a distributed relay selection algorithm chooses the best set of eligible relays among all qualified relays and prioritizes them. Finally, 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is leveraged to make sure high-quality relays transmit with higher probability. PRO is designed to coexist with legacy 802.11 stations. Our extensive evaluation on both a controlled testbed and in the real world shows that PRO can improve throughput in diverse wireless environments. PRO helps the most when there is significant contention for the ether, under fading, and with user mobility.