A context-free linear ordering with an undecidable first-order theory

  • Authors:
  • Arnaud Carayol;Zoltán Ésik

  • Affiliations:
  • Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge, Université Paris-Est, France;Institute of Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary

  • Venue:
  • TCS'12 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP TC 1/WG 202 international conference on Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

The words of a context-free language, ordered by the lexicographic ordering, form a context-free linear ordering. It is well-known that the linear orderings associated with deterministic context-free languages have a decidable monadic second-order theory. In stark contrast, we give an example of a context-free language whose lexicographic ordering has an undecidable first-order theory.