Contention-based geographic forwarding in asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks

  • Authors:

  • Long Cheng;Canfeng Chen;Jian Ma;Lei Shu

  • Affiliations:

  • State Key Lab of Networking & Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China;Nokia Research Center, Beijing, China;Wuxi Sensingnet Industrialization Research Institute, Wuxi, China;Department of Multimedia Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

  • Venue:
  • International Journal of Communication Systems
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

In asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks, it is desirable that the data forwarding scheme is adaptive to the dynamics caused by the uncertainty of sensor nodes’ working schedules. Contention-based forwarding is designed to adapt to the dynamic environments. In this work, we are interested in the contention-based geographic forwarding (CGF) for two asynchronous duty-cycling (ADC) models, which we refer to as uninterruptible ADC (U-ADC) and interruptible ADC (I-ADC). We propose a new residual time-aware routing metric for CGF in the I-ADC model and present a residual time-aware forwarding scheme using this metric. We evaluate the performance of CGF in both asynchronous duty-cycling models. Simulation results show that CGF in the U-ADC model provides a shorter delivery delay while suffering from a high sender effective duty cycle problem. CGF in the I-ADC model incurs a very long data delivery delay, but it can achieve a good load balancing among nodes. It is also demonstrated that the proposed residual time-aware forwarding scheme lowers the effects of the performance degradation caused by the pure asynchronous duty-cycling operation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.