NSPW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 workshop on New security paradigms
The Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
International Journal of Computer Vision
Authentication: from passwords to public keys
Authentication: from passwords to public keys
SIMPLIcity: Semantics-Sensitive Integrated Matching for Picture LIbraries
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Photographic Authentication through Untrusted Terminals
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Histogram refinement for content-based image retrieval
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
WACV '98 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)
A Metric for Distributions with Applications to Image Databases
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Image similarity search with compact data structures
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Using personal photos as pictorial passwords
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PassPoints: design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special isssue: HCI research in privacy and security is critical now
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Cognitive Authentication Schemes Safe Against Spyware (Short Paper)
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Human selection of mnemonic phrase-based passwords
SOUPS '06 Proceedings of the second symposium on Usable privacy and security
Déjà Vu: a user study using images for authentication
SSYM'00 Proceedings of the 9th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 9
Modeling user choice in the PassPoints graphical password scheme
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Order and entropy in picture passwords
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Securing passfaces for description
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
Use Your Illusion: secure authentication usable anywhere
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
On Purely Automated Attacks and Click-Based Graphical Passwords
ACSAC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
On user involvement in production of images used in visual authentication
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A comprehensive study of frequency, interference, and training of multiple graphical passwords
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VIP: a visual approach to user authentication
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
A closer look at recognition-based graphical passwords on mobile devices
Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Can users remember their pictorial passwords six years later
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Facing the facts about image type in recognition-based graphical passwords
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
A security assessment of tiles: a new portfolio-based graphical authentication system
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Graphical passwords: Learning from the first twelve years
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Research Agenda Acknowledging the Persistence of Passwords
IEEE Security and Privacy
Exploring the design space of graphical passwords on smartphones
Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
POSTER: Graphical password using object-based image ranking
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
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The usability of graphical passwords based upon recognition of images is widely explored. However, it is likely that their observed high memorability is contingent on certain attributes of the image sets presented to users. Characterizing this relationship remains an open problem; for example, there is no systematic (and empirically verified) method to determine how similarity between the elements of an image set impacts the usability of the login challenge. Strategies to assemble suitable images are usually carried out by hand, which represents a significant barrier to uptake as the process has usability and security implications. In this paper, we explore the role of simple image processing techniques to provide automated assembly of usable login challenges in the context of recognition-based graphical passwords. We firstly carry out a user study to obtain a similarity ranked image set, and use the results to select an optimal per-pixel image similarity metric. Then we conduct a short-term image recall test using Amazon Mechanical Turk with 343 subjects where we manipulated the similarity present in image grids. In the most significant case, we found that our automated methods to choose decoy images could impact the login success rate by 40%, and the median login duration by 35 seconds.