Readings in information visualization
Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference
Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference
Visualizing Data
Information Visualization: Perception for Design
Information Visualization: Perception for Design
Judging correlation from scatterplots and parallel coordinate plots
Information Visualization
Perceiving relationships: a physiological examination of the perception of scatterplots
Diagrams'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
The impact of social information on visual judgments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Taxonomy of Visual Cluster Separation Factors
Computer Graphics Forum
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We present a rigorous way to evaluate the visual perception of correlation in scatterplots, based on classical psychophysical methods originally developed for simple properties such as brightness. Although scatterplots are graphically complex, the quantity they convey is relatively simple. As such, it may be possible to assess the perception of correlation in a similar way. Scatterplots were each of 5.0° extent, containing 100 points with a bivariate normal distribution. Means were 0.5 of the range of the points, and standard deviations 0.2 of this range. Precision was determined via an adaptive algorithm to find the just noticeable differences (jnds) in correlation, i.e., the difference between two side-by-side scatterplots that could be discriminated 75% of the time. Accuracy was measured by direct estimation, using reference scatterplots with fixed upper and lower values, with a test scatterplot adjusted so that its correlation appeared to be halfway between these. This process was recursively applied to yield several further estimates. Results of the discrimination tests show jnd(r) = k (1/b - r), where r is the Pearson correlation, and parameters 0