Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Geographic routing for wireless networks
Geographic routing for wireless networks
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Temporal properties of low power wireless links: modeling and implications on multi-hop routing
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Specknets: New Challenges for Wireless Communication Protocols
ICITA '05 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA'05) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Models and solutions for radio irregularity in wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Energy and Latency Performance
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Propagation measurements and models for wireless communications channels
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Many wireless sensor network applications require sensor nodes to be deployed on the ground or other surfaces. However, there has been little effort to characterize the large- and small-scale path loss for surface-level radio communications. We present a comprehensive measurement of path loss and fading characteriztics for surface-level sensor nodes in the 400 MHz band in both flat and irregular outdoor terrain in an effort to improve the understanding of surface-level sensor network communications performance and to increase the accuracy of sensor network modeling and simulation. Based on our measurement results, we characterize the spatial small-scale area fading effects as a Rician distribution with a distance-dependent K-factor. We also propose a new semi-empirical path loss model for outdoor surface-level wireless sensor networks called the Surface-Level Irregular Terrain (SLIT) model. We verify our model by comparing measurement results with predicted values obtained from high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data and computer simulation for the 400 MHz and 2.4 GHz band. Finally, we discuss the impact of the SLIT model and demonstrate through simulation the effects when SLIT is used as the path loss model for existing sensor network protocols.