Modeling correlated workloads by combining model based clustering and a localized sampling algorithm
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Supercomputing
Future Generation Computer Systems
On correlated availability in Internet-distributed systems
GRID '08 Proceedings of the 2008 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing
Realistic Workload Modeling and Its Performance Impacts in Large-Scale eScience Grids
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
The Failure Trace Archive: Enabling Comparative Analysis of Failures in Diverse Distributed Systems
CCGRID '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing
Reducing Costs of Spot Instances via Checkpointing in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
CLOUD '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing
See spot run: using spot instances for mapreduce workflows
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Managing Peak Loads by Leasing Cloud Infrastructure Services from a Spot Market
HPCC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 12th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications
Decision Model for Cloud Computing under SLA Constraints
MASCOTS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Combining Futures and Spot Markets: A Hybrid Market Approach to Economic Grid Resource Management
Journal of Grid Computing
Dynamic resource allocation for spot markets in clouds
Hot-ICE'11 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on Hot topics in management of internet, cloud, and enterprise networks and services
Debunking Real-Time Pricing in Cloud Computing
CCGRID '11 Proceedings of the 2011 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing
Achieving Performance and Availability Guarantees with Spot Instances
HPCC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications
Cost Minimization for Provisioning Virtual Servers in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
MASCOTS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Provisioning spot market cloud resources to create cost-effective virtual clusters
ICA3PP'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Algorithms and architectures for parallel processing - Volume Part I
Deconstructing Amazon EC2 Spot Instance Pricing
CLOUDCOM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Spot Markets in Cloud Computing Environments
UCC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
Deadline-driven provisioning of resources for scientific applications in hybrid clouds with Aneka
Future Generation Computer Systems
Monetary Cost-Aware Checkpointing and Migration on Amazon Cloud Spot Instances
IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
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The surge in demand for utilizing public Cloud resources has introduced many trade-offs between price, performance and recently reliability. Amazon's Spot Instances (SIs) create a competitive bidding option for public Cloud users at lower prices without providing reliability on services. It is generally believed that SIs reduce monetary cost to the Cloud users, however it appears from the literature that their characteristics have not been explored and reported. We believe that characterization of SIs is fundamental in the design of stochastic scheduling algorithms and fault tolerant mechanisms in public Cloud environments for the spot market. In this paper, we have done a comprehensive analysis of SIs based on one year price history in four data centers of Amazon's EC2. For this purpose, we have analyzed all different types of SIs in terms of spot price and the inter-price time (time between price changes) and determined the time dynamics for spot price in hour-in-day and day-of-week. Moreover, we have proposed a statistical model that fits well these two data series. The results reveal that we are able to model spot price dynamics as well as the inter-price time of each SI by a mixture of Gaussians distribution with three or four components. The proposed model is validated through extensive simulations, which demonstrate that our model exhibits a good degree of accuracy under realistic working conditions.