A hierarchy of relaxation between the continuous and convex hull representations
SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
A note on the prize collecting traveling salesman problem
Mathematical Programming: Series A and B
Discrete Applied Mathematics
The primal-dual method for approximation algorithms and its application to network design problems
Approximation algorithms for NP-hard problems
Integer Programming Formulation of Traveling Salesman Problems
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
The prize collecting Steiner tree problem: theory and practice
SODA '00 Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Discrete Applied Mathematics - Special issue on the combinatorial optimization symposium
A comparison of Steiner tree relaxations
Discrete Applied Mathematics - Special issue on the combinatorial optimization symposium
Strong lower bounds for the prize collecting Steiner problem in graphs
Discrete Applied Mathematics - Brazilian symposium on graphs, algorithms and combinatorics
The prize-collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem
Journal of Heuristics
The prize collecting Steiner tree problem: models and Lagrangian dual optimization approaches
Computational Optimization and Applications
Networks - Special Issue on Trees
A hybrid Lagrangian genetic algorithm for the prize collecting Steiner tree problem
Computers and Operations Research
Prize collecting Steiner trees with node degree dependent costs
Computers and Operations Research
Algorithmic expedients for the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree Problem
Discrete Optimization
Improvements and extensions to the Miller-Tucker-Zemlin subtour elimination constraints
Operations Research Letters
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We investigate a generalized version of the prize collecting Steiner tree problem (PCSTP), where each node of a given weighted graph is associated with a prize as well as a penalty cost. The problem is to find a tree spanning a subset of nodes that collects a total prize not less than a given quota Q, such that the sum of the weights of the edges in the tree plus the sum of the penalties of those nodes that are not covered by the tree is minimized. We formulate several compact mixed-integer programming models for the PCSTP and enhance them by appending valid inequalities, lifting constraints, or reformulating the model using the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT). We also conduct a theoretical comparison of the relative strengths of the associated LP relaxations. Extensive results are presented using a large set of benchmark instances to compare the different formulations. In particular, a proposed hybrid compact formulation approach is shown to provide optimal or very near-optimal solutions for instances having up to 2500 nodes and 3125 edges.