Formal ontology, conceptual analysis and knowledge representation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of formal ontology in the information technology
Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of formal ontology in the information technology
First-order modal logic
OIL: An Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Ontology Specification Languages for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
The Description Logic Handbook
The Description Logic Handbook
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In the classical formal logics, the negation can only be applied to formulas, not to terms and predicates. In frame-based knowledge representation, an ontology contains descriptions of individuals, concepts and slots, that is statements about individuals, concepts and slots. The negation can be applied to slots, concepts and statements, so that the logical implication should be considered for all possible combinations of individuals, concepts, slots and statements. In this regard, the logical implication at the ontological level is different from that at the logical level. This paper attempts to give such logical implications between individuals, concepts, slots, statements and their negations.