Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers
Communications of the ACM
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
Nymble: Blocking Misbehaving Users in Anonymizing Networks
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Kerberos: an authentication service for computer networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Authentication protocols attempt to discern whether or not a user is who she says she is based on what she has, is or knows. In many situtations, however, such as protecting Wikis from robots and Distributed Hash Tables from sybils, identity is less important than liveness: it's not who you are that matters, it's whether or not you are alive. We propose extensions to the Kerberos authentication which allow systems to test whether or not they are interacting with a real person, optionally disregarding their identity. We demonstrate how such extensions could be used to support realistic user interactions with requiring shared definitions of global identity.