Unraveling the Web Services Web: An Introduction to SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI
IEEE Internet Computing
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Web Services: Been There, Done That?
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Importing the Semantic Web in UDDI
CAiSE '02/ WES '02 Revised Papers from the International Workshop on Web Services, E-Business, and the Semantic Web
Meteor-s web service annotation framework
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Web Service Annotation Using Ontology Mapping
SOSE '05 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop
Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services: Father and Son or Indivisible Twins?
IEEE Internet Computing
Ontology Matching
Semantically Annotating a Web Service
IEEE Internet Computing
Bringing Semantics to Web Services with OWL-S
World Wide Web
SAWSDL: Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema
IEEE Internet Computing
Taxonomy learning for semantic annotation of web services
ICCOMP'07 Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on Computers
Applied Ontology
A large dataset for the evaluation of ontology matching
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Automatically labeling the inputs and outputs of web services
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
On the semantics of noun compounds
Computer Speech and Language
Matching ontologies in open networked systems: techniques and applications
Journal on Data Semantics V
Automatic interpretation of noun compounds using wordnet similarity
IJCNLP'05 Proceedings of the Second international joint conference on Natural Language Processing
Enhancing web services description and discovery to facilitate composition
SWSWPC'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Semantic Web Services and Web Process Composition
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Semantic Web services SWS have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to automate discovery and composition of current syntactic Web services. An issue that prevents a wider adoption of SWS relates to the manual nature of the semantic annotation task. Manual annotation is a difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming process and automating the process is highly desirable. Though some approaches have been proposed to semi-automate the annotation task, they are difficult to use and cannot perform accurate annotation for the following reasons: 1 They require building application ontologies to represent candidate services and 2 they cannot perform accurate name-based matching when labels of candidate service elements and ontological entities contain Compound Nouns CN. To overcome these two deficiencies, this paper proposes a query-based approach that can facilitate semi-automatic annotation of Web services. The proposed approach is easy to use because it does not require building application ontologies to represent services. Candidate service elements that need to be annotated are extracted from a WSDL file and used to generate query instances by filling a Standard Query Template. The resulting query instances are executed against a repository of ontologies using a novel query execution engine to find appropriate correspondences for candidate service elements. This query execution engine employs name-based and structural matching mechanisms that can perform effective and accurate similarity measurements between labels containing CNs. The proposed semi-automatic annotation approach is evaluated by employing it to annotate existing Web services using published domain ontologies. Precision and recall are used as evaluation metrics. The resulting precision and recall values demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.