Journal of the American Society for Information Science
A bit more to it: scholarly communication forums as socio-technical interaction networks
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Data at work: supporting sharing in science and engineering
GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
The real stakes of virtual publishing: the transformation of E-biomed into PubMed central
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
The intellectual and social organization of academic fields and the shaping of digital resources
Journal of Information Science
Systematics as Cyberscience: Computers, Change, and Continuity in Science
Systematics as Cyberscience: Computers, Change, and Continuity in Science
Collaborative rhythm: temporal dissonance and alignment in collaborative scientific work
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Scientific software production: incentives and collaboration
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Research team integration: what it is and why it matters
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The value of data: considering the context of production in data economies
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A research agenda for data curation cyberinfrastructure
Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM/IEEE joint conference on Digital libraries
Beyond data sharing: artifact ecology of a collaborative nanophotonics research centre
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
The policy knot: re-integrating policy, practice and design in cscw studies of social computing
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
Sharing, re-use and circulation of resources in cooperative scientific work
Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
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This paper explores field differences in openness and sharing of scientific knowledge based on a comparative ethnographic field study of research groups in two research specialties. Tensions between cooperation and openness on the one hand and competition for priority and secrecy on the other hand are common in science. However, fields differ in how these tensions play out, influencing what information is exchanged when and how among research groups in a field. This paper develops an explanatory framework that identifies assumptions made in the generic model of the collective production process in the sciences and specifies epistemic and material field characteristics that affect to what extent those assumptions hold for a specific field, explaining field differences in openness and secrecy behaviors. I suggest that these field-inherent sources for differences in openness and sharing behaviors need to be accounted for in research policies and in the design of information and communication systems that aim to support and advance the collective production of knowledge in science.