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Atmospheric correction is of great importance in quantitative remote sensing studies. However, many of the atmospheric correction algorithms proposed in the literature are not easily applicable in real cases. In order to develop a practical atmospheric correction algorithm, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS imagery is employed to obtain aerosol optical depth and the total atmospheric water vapour content, which are used to compute the transmittances in a dark object subtraction DOS model. An improved DOS atmospheric correction method combining MODIS imagery with the conventional DOS technique is proposed. A Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ETM+ image acquired on 21 October 2001 in Wuyi mountain, south-eastern China, and a CBERS 02 CCD image acquired on 24 August 2005 in Dunhuang, north-western China, were atmospherically corrected with this new approach. Various tests are performed, from spectral signature analysis, to vegetation index spatial profile and image information content comparisons, and by direct comparison with ground-measured reflectances, to evaluate the performance of the improved DOS model. The evaluation shows it can generally achieve a good atmospheric correction result.