Oblivious transfer and quantum channels as communication resources

Authors:
Nicolas Gisin;Sandu Popescu;Valerio Scarani;Stefan Wolf;Jürg Wullschleger
Affiliations:
Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland 1211;H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TL;Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117542;Faculty of Informatics, University of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland 6900;Department of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TW
Venue:
Natural Computing: an international journal
Year:
2013

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Abstract

We show that from a communication-complexity perspective, the primitive called oblivious transfer--which was introduced in a cryptographic context--can be seen as the classical analogue to a quantum channel in the same sense as non-local boxes are of maximally entangled qubits. More explicitly, one realization of non-cryptographic oblivious transfer allows for the perfect simulation of sending one qubit and measuring it in an orthogonal basis. On the other hand, a qubit channel allows for realizing non-cryptographic oblivious transfer with probability roughly 85 %, whereas 75 % is the classical limit.