The entity-relationship model—toward a unified view of data
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) - Special issue: papers from the international conference on very large data bases: September 22–24, 1975, Framingham, MA
A semantic network-based design methodology for XML documents
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Developing XML Documents with Guaranteed ``Good'' Properties
ER '01 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling: Conceptual Modeling
Designing Good Semi-Structured Databases and Conceptual Modeling
ER '99 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
Semantic Data Modeling Using XML Schemas
ER '01 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling: Conceptual Modeling
A normal form for XML documents
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Strong functional dependencies and their application to normal forms in XML
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Removing XML data redundancies using functional and equality-generating dependencies
ADC '05 Proceedings of the 16th Australasian database conference - Volume 39
Dependency-preserving normalization of relational and XML data
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
On the equivalence between FDs in XML and FDs in relations
Acta Informatica
XML schema refinement through redundancy detection and normalization
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
GN-DTD: Graphical Notations for Describing XML Documents
DBKDA '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications
Object-Role Modeling: Principles and Benefits
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design
A Look Behind Conceptual Modeling Constructs in Information System Analysis and Design
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design
Formal Framework of XML Document Schema Design
International Journal of Information Retrieval Research
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Designing a well-structured XML document is important for the sake of readability, maintainability and more importantly to avoid both data redundancies and update anomalies. This paper proposes to improve and simplify XML structural design using a normalization process. To achieve this, Graphical Notation for Document Type Definition GN-DTD is used to describe the structure of XML document at the schema level. Multiple levels of normal forms for GN-DTD are proposed and the corresponding normalization rules to transform from poorly designed into well-designed XML documents. A case study is presented to show the application of these normal forms and normalization algorithm.