A critique of ANSI SQL isolation levels
SIGMOD '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Semantic ACID properties in multidatabases using remote procedure calls and update propagations
Software—Practice & Experience
Design of Distributed Integrated Heterogeneous or Mobile Databases: System Integration by using relaxed ACID properties
The CAP theorem versus databases with relaxed ACID properties
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
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The consistency of data in central databases is normally implemented by using the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) properties of a DBMS (Data Base Management System). Distributed databases with high performance and availability do not have the traditional ACID properties because long duration locks will reduce the availability and the write performance. Another reason for not using traditional ACID properties in distributed systems is that the systems often are heterogeneous. The problems of the missing ACID properties may be avoided by using relaxed ACID properties, i.e. from an application point of view; the system should function as if all the traditional ACID properties had been implemented. The distributed relaxed atomicity property manages the workflow of a transaction in such a way that either all the updates of the global transaction are executed (sooner or later) or all the updates of the global transaction are removed/compensated. The objective of this paper is to describe how relaxed ACID properties may be implemented in distributed heterogeneous systems like the Smart Grid Conceptual Model that is used for load management in the electrical power industry.