ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Improving the efficiency of the OSI checksum calculation
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Reliability of Adaptation Layers
Proceedings of the IFIP WG6.1/WG6.4 Third International Workshop on Protocols for High-Speed Networks III
Profiling and reducing processing overheads in TCP/IP
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Performance of checksums and CRC's over real data
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The transport layer: tutorial and survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Flow labelled IP over ATM: design and rationale
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS
WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications
Effectiveness data transmission error detection using check sum control for military application
MAMECTIS'08 Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical methods, computational techniques and intelligent systems
Performance increase of error control operation on data transmission
NTMS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on New technologies, mobility and security
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Checksum and CRC algorithms have historically been studied under the assumption that the data fed to the algorithms was entirely random. This paper examines the behavior of checksums and CRCs over real data from various UNIX® file systems. We show that, when given real data in small to modest pieces (e.g., 48 bytes), all the checksum algorithms have skewed distributions. In one dramatic case, 0.01% of the check values appeared nearly 19% of the time. These results have implications for CRCs and checksums when applied to real data. They also cause a spectacular failure rate for the both TCP and Fletcher's checksums when trying to detect certain types of packet splices.