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A theory of contracts for Web services
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CC-Pi: a constraint-based language for specifying service level agreements
ESOP'07 Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Programming
A formal language for electronic contracts
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Towards a unifying theory for choreography conformance and contract compliance
SC'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software composition
A Calculus of Contracting Processes
LICS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 25th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
Causality analysis in contract violation
RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification
A survey of stochastic ω-regular games
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COORDINATION'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Coordination Models and Languages
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We present a theory of contracts. Contracts are interacting processes with an explicit notion of obligations and objectives. We model processes and their obligations as event structures. We define a general notion of agreement, by interpreting contracts as multi-player concurrent games. A participant agrees on a contract if she has a strategy to reach her objectives (or make another participant chargeable for a violation), whatever the moves of her adversaries. We then tackle the problem of protection. A participant is protected by a contract when she has a strategy to defend herself in all possible contexts, even in those where she has not reached an agreement. We show that, in a relevant class of contracts, agreements and protection mutually exclude each other. We then propose a novel formalism for modelling contractual obligations: event structures with circular causality. Using this model, we show how to construct contracts which guarantee both agreements and protection.