Semantic integration of semistructured and structured data sources
ACM SIGMOD Record
A simple guide to five normal forms in relational database theory
Communications of the ACM
eXist: An Open Source Native XML Database
Revised Papers from the NODe 2002 Web and Database-Related Workshops on Web, Web-Services, and Database Systems
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Anatomy of a native XML base management system
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Using the XML-Based Clinical Document Architecture for Exchange of Structured Discharge Summaries
HICSS '02 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'02)-Volume 4 - Volume 4
XQuery
First Course in Database Systems
First Course in Database Systems
Scalable SQL and NoSQL data stores
ACM SIGMOD Record
Exploratory search over social-medical data
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Uniqueness of medical data mining
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
ICSH'13 Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Smart Health
Check Your Biosignals Here: A new dataset for off-the-person ECG biometrics
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
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Clinical data are dynamic in nature, often arranged hierarchically and stored as free text and numbers. Effective management of clinical data and the transformation of the data into structured format for data analysis are therefore challenging issues in electronic health records development. Despite the popularity of relational databases, the scalability of the NoSQL database model and the document-centric data structure of XML databases appear to be promising features for effective clinical data management. In this paper, three database approaches - NoSQL, XML-enabled and native XML - are investigated to evaluate their suitability for structured clinical data. The database query performance is reported, together with our experience in the databases development. The results show that NoSQL database is the best choice for query speed, whereas XML databases are advantageous in terms of scalability, flexibility and extensibility, which are essential to cope with the characteristics of clinical data. While NoSQL and XML technologies are relatively new compared to the conventional relational database, both of them demonstrate potential to become a key database technology for clinical data management as the technology further advances.