The Advantages of Landscape Neutrality in Digital Circuit Evolution
ICES '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware
Neutrality and the Evolvability of Boolean Function Landscape
EuroGP '01 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming
An Analysis of Koza's Computational Effort Statistic for Genetic Programming
EuroGP '02 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Redundancy and computational efficiency in Cartesian genetic programming
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
The Automatic Acquisition, Evolution and Reuse of Modules in Cartesian Genetic Programming
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Efficient phenotype evaluation in cartesian genetic programming
EuroGP'12 Proceedings of the 15th European conference on Genetic Programming
MT-CGP: mixed type cartesian genetic programming
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Genetic programming needs better benchmarks
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Length bias and search limitations in cartesian genetic programming
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
GECCO 2013 tutorial: cartesian genetic programming
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) is a form of Genetic Programming (GP) where a large proportion of the genome is identifiably unused by the phenotype. This can lead mutation to create offspring that are genotypically different but phenotypically identical, and therefore do not need to be evaluated. We investigate theoretically and empirically the effects of avoiding these otherwise wasted evaluations, and provide evidence that doing so reduces the median number of evaluations to solve four benchmark problems, as well as reducing CGP's sensitivity to the mutation rate. The similarity of results across the problem set in combination with the theoretical conclusions supports the general need for avoiding these unnecessary evaluations.